Historically, Asperger syndrome was used as a diagnostic term for some autistic people who did not also have a diagnosis of a learning disability. However, in 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) revised the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to remove Asperger syndrome as a separate diagnosis. Instead, Asperger syndrome is now considered to be part of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
This change was made because there is no clear scientific distinction between Asperger syndrome and other forms of ASD. People with Asperger syndrome typically have the same social and communication challenges as people with other forms of ASD, but they may have fewer cognitive and language delays.
In addition, people with Asperger syndrome are often described as being "high-functioning" autistics. This means that they may have average or above-average intelligence and be able to live independently. However, it is important to note that intelligence level does not necessarily predict how well someone with ASD will function in society.
The intersection between autism and Aspergers is complex and there is still much that we do not know about these conditions. However, it is clear that there is a spectrum of autistic experiences, and that Asperger syndrome is just one part of this spectrum.
One of the key areas of intersection between autism and Aspergers is in the area of social communication. People with both conditions often have difficulty understanding and responding to social cues. They may also have difficulty initiating and maintaining conversations. This can make it challenging for them to make friends and build relationships.
Another area of intersection is in the area of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. People with both autism and Aspergers often have intense interests that they focus on for long periods of time. They may also engage in repetitive behaviors, such as hand flapping or rocking. These behaviors can be a way for people with ASD to self-soothe or to cope with anxiety.
Despite these challenges, people with autism and Aspergers can live happy and fulfilling lives. With the right supports, they can learn to manage their symptoms and live independently. They can also go on to have successful careers and relationships.
It is important to remember that autism and Aspergers are not a barrier to success. They are simply different ways of being. By understanding and accepting these differences, we can create a more inclusive world for everyone.
In addition to the social and communication challenges that are common to both autism and Aspergers, people with these conditions may also experience other symptoms, such as:
- Sensory sensitivities
- Problems with motor coordination
- Difficulty understanding abstract concepts
- Inflexibility of thought and behavior
- Anxiety and depression
These symptoms can vary in severity from person to person. Some people with autism or Aspergers may have only a few mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms that significantly impact their daily life.
There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for autism or Aspergers. The best approach to treatment is individualized and may include a combination of therapies, such as:
- Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
- Speech therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Social skills training
- Medication
With the right supports, people with autism and Aspergers can learn to manage their symptoms and live happy and fulfilling lives. They can go on to have successful careers and relationships, and they can contribute to their communities in meaningful ways.
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